Reviewed by Joseph Chierotti, CEO, Defamation Defenders · Updated October 2026 · 7 min read
Defamation is a false statement of fact about someone, shared with others, that harms their reputation. Libel is defamation in written or published form, including online posts, articles, and reviews. Slander is spoken defamation. Most online defamation is libel. To win, you generally must prove falsity, publication, identification, fault, and harm, and public figures must also prove actual malice.
- Defamation is the umbrella term; libel is written, slander is spoken.
- Online posts and reviews are usually libel.
- Truth and opinion are the most common defenses.
- Public figures must prove actual malice.
- Deadlines to sue are short, often one to two years.
Table Of Content
Libel vs. slander at a glance
| Libel | Slander | |
|---|---|---|
| Form | Written, published, or recorded | Spoken |
| Examples | Articles, social posts, reviews, emails to others | Speeches, conversations, some live statements |
| Online? | Yes, most online defamation | Rarely |
What you have to prove
- A false statement of fact (not opinion)
- Published or communicated to at least one other person
- About you, identifiably
- Made with fault: negligence for private people, actual malice for public figures
- That caused harm to your reputation
Common defenses
- Truth: a true statement isn’t defamation.
- Opinion: statements that can’t be proven true or false.
- Privilege: statements in court, legislative proceedings, and fair reports of them.
- Consent and expired deadlines.
We remove defamatory posts, reviews, and articles from sites and Google, and work with partner attorneys when a court order is needed.
Defamation online
Websites are usually protected by Section 230 for what users post, so claims are brought against the author. Many platforms remove content that breaks their rules, and Google often removes content a court has found defamatory. See our guide on legal remedies.
This is general information, not legal advice.
Defamation FAQs
What is the difference between libel and slander?
Libel is written or published defamation; slander is spoken.
Is a negative online review defamation?
Only if it states false facts that harm your reputation. Opinions are generally protected.
What is actual malice?
Knowing a statement is false, or recklessly disregarding the truth. Public figures must prove it.
How long do I have to sue for defamation?
Often one to two years, depending on the state.
Send us the links. We’ll tell you the fastest route to removal.
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Defamation Defenders is an online reputation management company, not a law firm. This article is general information, not legal advice.
